occupational hazards – The Remote Internship.Com

Colombians without a contract or employment relationship have the opportunity to join the General System of Occupational Risks (SGRL), that is, the so-called independent can also have the coverage of an Occupational Risk Administrator (ARL) thinking about the prevention and care of your health at work.

This is established by decree 1563 of 2016. And to do so, there are certain conditions: the first is that independent workers earn one or more current legal monthly minimum wages and that the payment of contributions to the system is through the ARL and through the use of the integrated contribution settlement form (PILA). In other words, the person must be previously affiliated to the general social security health system in the contributory regime and to the general pension system.

Another basic condition for this voluntary affiliation to become effective is that the minimum affiliation period is one month.

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To establish the contribution base income (IBC), the worker must use the same amount that he contributes to the general health and pension systems, which cannot be calculated below a minimum wage, nor can it exceed 25 minimum wages. In addition, it is important to remember that a specified contribution percentage is included that varies according to the activity carried out.

The contribution is made in complete monthly periods, it is paid month in arrears, it is processed through the PILA and the coverage of the General System of Occupational Risks begins the calendar day following the date of affiliation.

For registration, it is necessary for the worker to add their data and specify the situations of time, manner and place in which they will carry out all the occupations or trades exercised independently. Also, the risk class of each of the activities or trades according to the most representative occupations or trades classification table that was annexed to Decree 1563 of 2016.

The form must be attached to the identification of hazards established by the Ministry of Labor, completed in accordance with the occupations or trades to be carried out by the independent and the certificate of the results of a pre-occupational examination that is performed on the worker and it must be issued by a doctor licensed in Occupational Health and Safety, with a maximum validity of 30 days.

When entering a company, an aspect that applicants and subsequent collaborators often overlook is that which corresponds to occupational hazards. Although an obligation that employers have is to guarantee affiliation to ARL, what is an occupational risk must be taken into account. According to the NCH18000, of the Risk Management System, it is “the combination of the probability of damage occurring and the seriousness of the consequences it produces ” in the occurrence of an accident or illness at work that may reach to put at risk the health and both physical and psychological stability of the workers.

Below we tell you about the types of occupational risks that a collaborator can have when joining a company, since according to Gina García, labor lawyer and specialist in occupational safety and health, they can be classified by the level of exposure and also for the factors:

– Physical risks:

They are caused by extreme thermal contacts, exposure to solar radiation, exposure to extreme temperatures, lighting, ionizing radiation, noise, ambient temperature, vibrations and abnormal atmospheric pressure.

– Chemical Risks:

These occupational risks are produced by uncontrolled chemical agents and by the environment.

– Biological risks:

Biological risk is one that arises from occupational exposure to biological contaminants (microorganisms that can cause damage to the worker), and accidents caused by living beings (animals and insects).

– Mechanical risks:

In this, the use of tools that can cause an accident in the worker who manipulates them, entrapment in facilities, entrapment by or between objects, entrapment due to overturning of machines or loads, hit by a vehicle, fall of people to the same is contemplated. level, work at heights, fall handling of objects, confined spaces, collision with immovable objects, collision with moving objects, collision with detached objects, direct electrical contacts, indirect electrical contacts, collapse collapse, uneven surfaces, handling of explosives, handling of products flammable, projection of particles.

Also, puncture of lower extremities, immersion of liquids or particulate material and handling of sharp tools.

– Ergonomic risks:

They are derived from inappropriate positions and postures, overexertion, handling of loads, indoor air quality (Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration levels in offices greater than 1000 ppm generate discomfort and fatigue), forced positions, workstation with screen of data visualization, thermal comfort (heat produced by the body) and repetitive movements.

– Psychosocial risks:

These risks are caused by factors such as rotating shifts, night work, work under pressure, high responsibility, mental overload, meticulousness of the task, monotonous work, job instability, communication deficits, inadequate supervision, inadequate or deteriorated interpersonal relationships, demotivation, family uprooting, aggression or mistreatment, dealing with clients and users, criminal threat and emotional instability

– Environmental risks:

These are the only ones that we cannot control, since they are the possibility of a catastrophe occurring due to human action or a natural phenomenon.

Once the risks have been identified, their possible elimination, substitution, engineering control, administrative control and/or the use of equipment and personal protection elements must be verified.

Knowing the typology of occupational risks that a collaborator may face; we tell you which are the most common in face-to-face and remote work environments:

With regard to occupational accidents, the ones that occur the most are traffic accidents, entrapment of extremities in machinery, which can generate blows, cuts and amputations of upper or lower limbs. In addition, falls, from height or level, which can cause trauma. And if we talk about diseases, the most common in Colombia are carpal tunnel syndrome, unspecified lumbago and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (gradual hearing loss).

With work done remotely, ergonomic risks are the most common. Neck pain, shoulder strain, forearm tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and De Quervain’s syndrome can occur due to poor posture. It should be noted that there is also a psychosocial risk, since working remotely can trigger stress or depression in many cases.